Hedging Strategy Design

Overview

Design systematic hedging plans for existing positions, covering linear hedges (futures / ETFs) and nonlinear hedges (options). Output hedge ratios, cost estimates, and execution plans. Core principle: hedging does not eliminate risk; it exchanges unknown losses for known costs.

Core Concepts

1. Beta Hedging (Futures / ETFs)

Principle: hedge portfolio systematic risk (beta) with index futures or ETFs while preserving single-stock alpha.

Hedge ratio calculation:

# Minimum-variance hedge ratio
hedge_ratio = beta_portfolio * (portfolio_value / futures_value)

# Example: hold a 10 million RMB China A-share portfolio, beta = 1.2
# CSI 300 futures (IF) contract value = index level × 300
# IF level = 4000, contract value = 4000 × 300 = 1.2 million
# Required number of short contracts = 1.2 × (1000 / 120) = 10

# Beta estimation method
import numpy as np
# OLS regression: portfolio_returns = alpha + beta * index_returns + epsilon
beta = np.cov(portfolio_returns, index_returns)[0][1] / np.var(index_returns)

China A-share beta hedging instruments:

| Instrument | Code | Contract Multiplier | Margin | Suitable Scal…