JPA/Hibernate 模式

用于 Spring Boot 中的数据建模、存储库和性能调优。

何时激活

• 设计 JPA 实体和表映射时
• 定义关系时 (@OneToMany, @ManyToOne, @ManyToMany)
• 优化查询时 (N+1 问题预防、获取策略、投影)
• 配置事务、审计或软删除时
• 设置分页、排序或自定义存储库方法时
• 调整连接池 (HikariCP) 或二级缓存时

实体设计

@Entity
@Table(name = "markets", indexes = {
  @Index(name = "idx_markets_slug", columnList = "slug", unique = true)
})
@EntityListeners(AuditingEntityListener.class)
public class MarketEntity {
  @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
  private Long id;

  @Column(nullable = false, length = 200)
  private String name;

  @Column(nullable = false, unique = true, length = 120)
  private String slug;

  @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
  private MarketStatus status = MarketStatus.ACTIVE;

  @CreatedDate private Instant createdAt;
  @LastModifiedDate private Instant updatedAt;
}

启用审计：

@Configuration
@EnableJpaAuditing
class JpaConfig {}

关联关系和 N+1 预防

@OneToMany(mappedBy = "market", cascade = CascadeType.ALL, orphanRemoval = true)
private List<PositionEntity> positions = new ArrayList<>();

• 默认使用延迟加载；需要时在查询中使用 JOIN FETCH
• 避免在集合上使用 EAGER；对于读取路径使用 DTO 投影

@Query("select m from MarketEntity m left join…