后端开发模式

用于可扩展服务器端应用程序的后端架构模式和最佳实践。

何时激活

• 设计 REST 或 GraphQL API 端点时
• 实现仓储层、服务层或控制器层时
• 优化数据库查询（N+1问题、索引、连接池）时
• 添加缓存（Redis、内存缓存、HTTP 缓存头）时
• 设置后台作业或异步处理时
• 为 API 构建错误处理和验证结构时
• 构建中间件（认证、日志记录、速率限制）时

API 设计模式

RESTful API 结构

// PASS: Resource-based URLs
GET    /api/markets                 # List resources
GET    /api/markets/:id             # Get single resource
POST   /api/markets                 # Create resource
PUT    /api/markets/:id             # Replace resource
PATCH  /api/markets/:id             # Update resource
DELETE /api/markets/:id             # Delete resource

// PASS: Query parameters for filtering, sorting, pagination
GET /api/markets?status=active&sort=volume&limit=20&offset=0

仓储模式

// Abstract data access logic
interface MarketRepository {
  findAll(filters?: MarketFilters): Promise<Market[]>
  findById(id: string): Promise<Market | null>
  create(data: CreateMarketDto): Promise<Market>
  update(id: string, data: UpdateMarketDto): Promise<Market>
  delete(id: string): Promise<void>
}

class SupabaseMarketRepository implements MarketRepository {
  async findAll(filters?: MarketFilters): Promise<Market[]> {
    l…